How to add a disk on AIX Logical Volume Manager (LVM)

In the last post of AIX, I had explained that how we create a logical volume manager on AIX operating system. In this post, I will explain to you how to add a disk on AIX logical volume manager.

LVM (Logical Volume Manager) is a tool for logical volume management which includes allocating disks, striping, mirroring and resizing logical volumes.With LVM, a hard drive or set of hard drives is allocated to one or more physical volumes.

LVM allows users to create partitions from more than one disk and allows them to extend the filesystem size online within few seconds.

Step by step method to add a disk on LVM.

1. In the first step we will add the physical or virtual disk to the logical partition. Once the new disk is added on the logical partition then we can able to go for next step.

2. Now, rescan your system hardware so that the Operating system can find which new hard disk is add on the server. For this please use the below command to scan the hardware on AIX operating system.

aix:/> cfgmgr

3. In this step, we will check the disk. For example, let’s assume that the new disk is hdisk1, so please run the below command to check the disk.

aix:/> lsdev -Cc disk

hdisk0  Available  Virtual SCSI Disk Drive

hdisk1  Available  Virtual SCSI Disk Drive

aix:/> lspv

hdisk0      00f68f03d1e42951       rootvg          active

hdisk1      00f68f03d20beafd       vstorage        active

hdisk2      00f68f03d20ceb37       vstorage        active

if you see the above both output, you can found that hdisk1 is available to add on Voulme group.

4. In this step, now you need to create a new group and move the new disk hdisk1 in there. Let's assume the new group named is "rootvg". So please find the below command to create a new group and add the disk in it.

aix:/> mkvg -y rootvg hdisk1

5. Now you can look at the size of hdisk1. Please run the below command , you can found the below output regarding the disk space of your disk and this command would not work if it is not associated with the volume group.

aix:/> lspv hdisk1

PHYSICAL VOLUME:    hdisk1                   VOLUME GROUP:     rootvg

PV IDENTIFIER:      00f68f03d1e42951 VG IDENTIFIER     00f68f0300004c0000000153d1e429c1

PV STATE:           active

STALE PARTITIONS:   0                        ALLOCATABLE:      yes

PP SIZE:            128 megabyte(s)          LOGICAL VOLUMES:  17

TOTAL PPs:          799 (102272 megabytes)   VG DESCRIPTORS:   2

FREE PPs:           118 (15104 megabytes)    HOT SPARE:        no

USED PPs:           681 (87168 megabytes)    MAX REQUEST:      256 kilobytes

FREE DISTRIBUTION:  11..00..00..00..107

USED DISTRIBUTION:  149..160..159..160..53

MIRROR POOL:        None

6. In this step , now we will create a log logical volume for jfs2 file system and this needs to be part of vloume group "rootvg".

aix:/> mklv -t jfs2log rootvg 1

As i can not paste the my machine output as I am already add it, You can add at your end , if any issue occur on this stage please comment on the post.

7. Now, we will check the new logical volume (lv) and you can used the below command to check the new logical volume present on the AIX server.Normally on AIX server we are used "loglv00" logical name, as on my machine I used the same name.

aix:/> lsvg

rootvg

aix:/> lsvg -l rootvg

rootvg:

LV NAME             TYPE       LPs     PPs     PVs  LV STATE      MOUNT POINT

hd5                 boot       1       1       1    closed/syncd  N/A

hd6                 paging     404     404     1    open/syncd    N/A

loglv00             jfs2log    1       1       1    open/syncd    N/A

hd4                 jfs2       4       4       1    open/syncd    /

If you see the above both the output, you can find that "rootvg" is voulme group present and in rootvg, you can find the logical volume "loglv00".

8. In this, we will create a logical volume and fixed their size , lets assume we will used 30GB size and used the logical volume name lglv_test.

aix:/> lsvg rootvg

aix:/> mklv -t jfs2 -y lglv_test rootvg 30G

aix:/> mkfs -o log=/dev/loglv00 -V jfs2 /dev/lglv_test

9. In the seconf last step we will mount the newly created file system on the AIX operating system.

aix:/> mkdir /test

aix:/> mount -o log=/dev/loglv00 /dev/lglv_test /test

In this example , we will create a "/test" file system and mount the file system on this folder.

10. In the final step we will make a permament entry of this file system in "/etc/filesystems file so once you take a reboot of AIX server, file system will mount permamently, otherwise you need to mount again if you not made an entry in /etc/filesystems.

Hope this post is useful for you, as this step by step method you can not found in other sites, In case still you are facing any issue related to this topic, please comment on this post, I will revert to you with solution.

How to Configure Proxy Settings in Linux

In this post, I will explain , how we set or configure the proxy setting in Linux server. Usually when you work on the cooperate server you work behind the proxy. So if you are trying to download any packages or software on the Linux operating system machine, you need to configure the proxy on your browser or on system profile.

1. If you want to set http_proxy shell variable on Linux terminal or bash shell, then please use the below command or method to set the proxy settings on terminal.

# export http_proxy=http://Proxy_IP:Proxyport

or

# export http_proxy=http://Proxy_Domain:ProxyPort

You can use above command to set the proxy on bash shell or on terminal. You can use Proxy IP as well as Proxy DNS name to configure the proxy on shell. In my case I have use proxy IP on my server.

#export http_proxy=http://192.168.1.70:8080

If you want to use https proxy then please run the below command to set the proxy settings on bash or any other shell.

#export https_proxy=https://Proxy_IP:ProxyPort

or

#export https_proxy=https://Proxy_Domain:ProxyPort

You can use this proxy on open shell only if you close the terminal or shell then you need to set proxy variable again.

If your proxy use authentication then you need to give proxy user name and password while you are running the above command.

#export http_proxy=http://Proxy_User:Proxy_Password@Proxy_IP:Port

2. If you want to setup proxy variable for all users then you need to set proxy environment as a global variable. To do this you need to set proxy variable on /etc/profile file.

# vi /etc/profile

export http_proxy=http://Proxy_IP:Proxyport

or

export http_proxy=http://Proxy_User:Proxy_Password@Proxy_IP:Port

3. If you want to set the proxy access to a specific user then you need to set the variable on their bash profile.

# vi /home/vibhor/.bash_profile

Append the following line:

export http_proxy=http://Proxy_User:Proxy_Password@Proxy_IP:Port

or 

export http_proxy=http://Proxy_IP:Proxyport

You can use the https proxy or ftp proxy also only required to change the name of the varibale. 

HP-UX Logical Volume Manager (LVM) Commands with an Example

In this post, You can get an idea about HP-UX logical volume manager commands with an example. As you know LVM is basically used for disk management in operating system that allow to manager the physical disks and logical volume.

Please find the below HP-UX LVM commands with an example.

1. Create a new volume group, logical volume and file system:

You can used the below command in HP-UX operating system to create a new volume group, logical volume and file system.

hpx:/>pvcreate /dev/rdsk/c2t1d0

For creating a new volume group first we need to create physical volume as describe in above command.

hpx:/>mkdir /dev/vg01

hpx:/>mknod /dev/vg01/group c 64 0x010000

In above step we will create a directory where we need to create a volume group.

hpx:/>vgcreate /dev/vg01 /dev/dsk/c2t1d0

After successfully creation of volume group we will create a new logical voulme as describe in below command.

hpx:/>lvcreate -L 2048 /dev/vg01

hpx:/>newfs -F vxfs -o largefiles /dev/vg01/vgvol1

Using above command we create a new file system now in next step we will create a directory where we need to mount the newly created file system.

hpx:/>mkdir /backup

hpx:/>mount /dev/vg01/vgvol1 /backup

Once you mount the logical voulme with file system you can run the file system checking command to verify that mounting is succesfully or not.

2. Create a stripped filesystem:

In this, we will create a stripped file system with the help of volume group and logical voulme.

hpx:/>lvcreate -i 2 -I 32 -L 48 -n vgvol1 /dev/vg01

-i number of stripes

-I stripe size of 32KB

-L size of the volume

3. HP-UX display boot information:

You can use the below command to display boot information.

hpx:/>lvlnboot -v /dev/vg00

Boot Definitions for Volume Group /dev/vg00:

Physical Volumes belonging in Root Volume Group:

        /dev/dsk/c2t0d0 (0/1/1/0.0.0) -- Boot Disk

        /dev/dsk/c2t1d0 (0/1/1/0.1.0) -- Boot Disk

Boot: lvol1     on:     /dev/dsk/c2t0d0

                        /dev/dsk/c2t1d0

Root: lvol3     on:     /dev/dsk/c2t0d0

                        /dev/dsk/c2t1d0

Swap: lvol2     on:     /dev/dsk/c2t0d0

                        /dev/dsk/c2t1d0

Dump: lvol2     on:     /dev/dsk/c2t0d0, 0

When you run the above command you can find the above output , if you see the boot information you can find you have two disk which is available for boot.

4. HP-UX display all disks system information:

hpx:/> ioscan -funC disk

Class     I  H/W Path        Driver   S/W State   H/W Type     Description

==============================================================

disk      0  0/0/2/0.0.0.0   sdisk    CLAIMED     DEVICE       TEAC    DV-28E-N

                            /dev/dsk/c0t0d0   /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0

disk      1  0/1/1/0.0.0     sdisk    CLAIMED     DEVICE       HP 146 GMAX3147NC

                            /dev/dsk/c2t0d0   /dev/rdsk/c2t0d0

disk      2  0/1/1/0.1.0     sdisk    CLAIMED     DEVICE       HP 146 GMAX3147NC

                            /dev/dsk/c2t1d0   /dev/rdsk/c2t1d0

In the above output you can found the all the disk which is available in the system.

5. HP-UX display dump devices:

hpx:/> lvlnboot -v

Normally it is showing the boot information in which you can check the dump devices name.

Solaris Processes Monitoring - prstat

In this post, I will explain you which commands is used for display the Solaris zone process information.

Using "prstat" command we can display the solaris zone process information. This command generate the reports information about the processes and zones.

The prstat statistics utility shows a summary of the processes that are using system resources currently. The prstat utility summarizes this information for an every 5 seconds by default and reports the statistics for that period.

Display the zones process informtion:

[sun]# prstat -Z

 PID USERNAME  SIZE   RSS STATE   PRI NICE      TIME  CPU PROCESS/NLWP

 18638 20159    2118M 1502M cpu43    10    0   0:00:44 2.4% oracle/7

 20927 24076    8784K 8136K cpu127    0    2   0:00:17 1.8% prstat/1

   897 24865     916M  512M sleep    59    0  27:52:32 0.7% java/95

 17511 26055     599M  285M sleep    59    0  35:08:33 0.6% java/115

 12540 26055     951M  341M sleep    59    0  31:00:01 0.5% java/101

 ZONEID    NPROC  SWAP   RSS MEMORY      TIME  CPU ZONE

     8     3427   73G   27G    21%  44:01:48 2.8% sunz01

     0      100  465M  132M   0.1% 507:26:46 2.6% global

     6     4056   86G   32G    25%  35:23:30 2.3% sunz02    

Total: 13382 processes, 36594 lwps, load averages: 9.11, 9.27, 9.47

Using above command "prstat -Z" we can monitor the server process utilization in every 5 second. This command is show you the global zone & their local zone process utilization only.

If you want to only specific zone process utilization then you can use the below command.

[sun]# prstat -z sun01

This command output show you only process utilization of specific zone only.

Note:

-Z Reports information about processes and zones.

-z Reports information about a particular zone.

You can use the below syntax to monitor the Global zone as well as only specific zone.

How to use zoneadm command in Solaris Servers

When you are working on the Solaris operating system then you must aware about this command "zoneadm" which is basic command in Solaris operating system. In this post I would like to explain you how to use the zoneadm command in Solaris servers.

"zoneadm" command are used for verification, installation, boot or viewing of the local zones which are created on the Solaris Server. Please find the below syntax with an example.

1. Verify a Solaris zone:

To verify the local solaris zone you need to run the below command with syntax.

[sun]#zoneadm -z <zone> verify

Example: [sun]#zoneadm -z sunz01 verify

In this example once you run the above command, if your zone is installed properly without any error then this is not showing you any output, that's means it is verified. After running the command if it is showing a message then you need to check the configuration of this zone.

2. Installing a Solaris zone:

To install the local Solaris zone you need to run the below command with syntax.

[sun]#zoneadm -z <zone> install

Example: [sun]#zoneadm -z sunz01 install

In this example when you run the above command then your local zone has been started for installation. It is installed the local zone using the Solaris repostiory or flar images which you are kept at server location.

3. Ready a Solaris zone:

To move the local zone in ready or maintainance state you need to run the below command.

[sun]#zoneadm -z <zone> ready

Example: [sun]#zoneadm -z sunz01 ready

In this example, when we run the above command then your local zone moved in to ready or maintianance state.

4. Boot a Solaris zone:

To boot the solaris zone on global system, you need to run the below command with syantx.

[sun]#zoneadm -z <zone> boot

Example: [sun]#zoneadm -z sunz01 boot

After running the above command your local solaris zone has been boot successfully if it is not showing any error during boot time. If you see any message during the boot time then please check where is the issue.

5. Reboot a Solaris zone:

To reboot or restart the solaris zone on Solaris server, you need to perform the below command on global zone.

[sun]#zoneadm -z <zone> reboot

Example: [sun]#zoneadm -z sunz01 reboot

Using this command the local zone "sunz01" has been restart again successfully. You need to run this command from global zone only.

6. Shutdown/Halt a Solaris zone:

If you want to shutdown or halt your local zone without login it, then you need to run the below command from global zone.

[sun]#zoneadm -z <zone> halt

Example: [sun]#zoneadm -z sunz01 halt

After running this command local solaris zone state change from running to installed state that's means your server is shutdown now.

7. Uninstall a Solaris zone:

If you want to uninstall any solaris zone then you need to run the below command for uninstall the zone.

[sun]#zoneadm -z <zone> uninstall -F

Example: [sun]#zoneadm -z sunz01 uninstall -F

"-F" syntax is used to uninstall the zone forcefully. 

8. Viewing a Solaris zone:

if you want to local zone current status and any other display information you need to run the below command. 

[sun]#zoneadm list -icv

 ID NAME       STATUS      PATH               BRAND   IP

   0 global         running        /                        solaris      shared

   1 sunz01        running       /zones/sunz01   solaris      excl

   2 sunz02        running       /zones/sunz02   solaris      excl

Using above command you can check the current status of all installed zones on Solaris server. It is show you the zone path and zone information. All the above command you need to run from Global zone with root privileges.

10 Practical Examples of RPM Commands in Linux

In this post, I will explain you the usage of RPM (Red Hat Package Manager) command with an example. RPM commands are widely used in Linux operating system to install, remove or update the packages on operating system.

RPM (Red Hat Package Manager) is a default open source and package management utlity which is widely used on Redhat, CentOS linux operating system. You can install , remove, upgrade the packages using this commnad. In this post We will explain each syntax with an example so you can understand how this command is very useful on linux operating system. So here, we will explain best 20 example which is related to Red Hat Package Manager.

1. How to Check an RPM Signature Package:

This command with syntax is used for to check the PGP signature of packages before installing them on your Linux systems and make sure its integrity and origin is fine.

[root@locahost]# rpm --checksig vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64.rpm

vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64.rpm: rsa sha1 (md5) pgp md5 OK

2. How to Install an RPM Package:

Using below syntax you can install the rpm packages on the linux system.

[root@localhost]# rpm -ivh vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64.rpm

Preparing...               ########################################### [100%]

1:vsftpd                    ########################################### [100%]

On the above syantx we are using "-i" option to install the rpm packages on Linux operating system.

3. How to check dependencies of RPM Package before Installing:

If you want to check which packages or dependency is required for RPM packages then you can run the below command to check the dependency.

[root@localhost]# rpm -qpR samba-winbind-3.6.23-12.el6.x86_64.rpm

Here, you can find the syantx meaning of the above command.

-q : Query a package.

-p : List capabilities this package provides.

-R: List capabilities on which this package depends.

4. How to Install a RPM Package Without Dependencies:

If you want to install the packages without any dependency please use the below syntax.

[root@localhost]# rpm -ivh --nodeps samba-winbind-3.6.23-12.el6.x86_64.rpm

Preparing...                       ########################################### [100%]

1:Samba-winbind             ########################################### [100%]

The above command forcefully install rpm package by ignoring dependencies errors, but if those dependency files are missing, then the program will not work at all, until you install them.

5. How to check an Installed RPM Package:

If you want to check which RPM package is installed on the operating system then please use -q option with package name.

[root@localhost]# rpm -q samba

package samba is not installed

If you see the samba packages is not installed on my system so it is show you this message.

[root@localhost]# rpm -q vsftpd

vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64

You can see the above ftp server packages is installed on the system.

6. How to Upgrade a RPM Package:

If you want to upgrade any RPM packages then please use "-U" syntax with rpm name.

[root@localhost]# rpm -Uvh vsftpd-3.0.2-11.el6.x86_64.rpm

Preparing...             ########################################### [100%]

1:vsftpd                 ########################################### [100%]

If you see the above example the packages is upgrade with the new version of vsftpd.

7. How to Remove a RPM Package:

If you want to uninstall or remove the package from the server then please use "-e" erase option is used to remove package.

[root@localhost]# rpm -evv vsftpd

Using above command we can remove the packages with all dependency.

8. How to Remove an RPM Package Without Dependencies:

If you want to remove installed packages without any dependecy then use the below syntax to remove the rpm.

[root@localhost]# rpm -ev --nodeps vsftpd

Using above syntax "--nodeps" we can remove the packages without dependency.

9. How to Import an RPM GPG key:

If you want to import the RPM GPG key then please verify RHEL/CentOS/Fedora packages, you must import the GPG key.

[root@localhost]# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

So using above syantx we can import the GPG key on the server.

10. How to List all Imported RPM GPG keys:

To print all the imported GPG keys in your system, use the following command.

[root@localhost]# rpm -qa gpg-pubkey*

gpg-pubkey-0608b895-4bd22942

gpg-pubkey-7fac5991-4615767f

You can see the above entry these are the GPG key which is installed on the server.

Step by Step Configuration of NTP Server on HP-UX Server

In this post, I would like to explain how we configure the NTP (network time protocol) server on HP-UX operating system server. In my recent post you can found the NTP configuration on Solaris and AIX platform. 

As you know NTP ( Network time Protocol) is one of the oldest internet protocol still in use and it allows the synchronization of computer clocks distributing UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) over the network. It is basaiclly used for time synchronization on Unix servers.

Step by Step Configuration of NTP Server on HP-UX:

1. In the first step we will check the configuration files of "xntpd" daemon. By default the configuration file for this daemon is "/etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons".

# vi /etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons

######################################

# xntp configuration.  See xntpd(1m) #

######################################

#

#  Time synchronization daemon

#

# NTPDATE_SERVER: name of trusted timeserver to synchronize with at boot

# (default is rootserver for diskess clients)

# XNTPD:        Set to 1 to start xntpd (0 to not run xntpd)

# XNTPD_ARGS:  command line arguments for xntpd

#

# Also, see the /etc/ntp.conf and /etc/ntp.keys file for additional

# configuration.

#

export NTPDATE_SERVER=

export XNTPD=0

export XNTPD_ARGS=

This is default configuration entry of this file so for xntpd daemon we need to change the variable which is defined.

export NTPDATE_SERVER='ntp.in.pool.org'

export XNTPD=1

export XNTPD_ARGS=

Note: You must change the NTPDATE server name.

2. For ntp config please set the correct timezone is setup in /etc/TIMEZONE file.

hpx:/> cat /etc/TIMEZONE

TZ=IST-5:30

export TZ

You can edit the file in vi editor and change the time zone as per your location.

3. Now, we need to make some changes in NTP configuration files. 

hpx29:/> cat /etc/ntp.conf

#Configuration NTP des serveurs

server ntp.in.org.com

server ntpin.in.org.com

You need to replace ntp server name accordingly. In my post I will use dummy server name.

4. After setting the NTP server name we need to restart the NTP service on HP-UX operating system and verify the ntp configuration.

hpx:/> /sbin/init.d/xntpd restart

hpx:/> ntpq -p

If it is showing you correct ntp server information now. You can match these information with the NTP server name which we use in above step.

How to configure NTP Server on AIX Operating system

In the last post, I had explained the NTP (Network Time Protocol) on Solaris 10 & 11 server. Now in this post, I will explain the same NTP server and client configuration for AIX operating system.

As you know NTP ( Network time Protocol) is one of the oldest internet protocol still in use and it allows the synchronization of computer clocks distributing UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) over the network.

Step by Step Configuration of NTP:

1. In the initial step we must verify that we have check the available NTP server on AIX server. For this please run the below command.

AIX:/>lssrc -ls xntpd

-----------------------------------------------

 Program name:    /usr/sbin/xntpd

 Version:         3

 Leap indicator:  00 (No leap second today.)

 Sys peer:        ntp.aix.in.com

 Sys stratum:     4

 Sys precision:   -18

 Debug/Tracing:   DISABLED

 Root distance:   0.014709

 Root dispersion: 0.066422

 Reference ID:    192.168.1.22

 Reference time:  dc721077.d3a8e000  Tue, Mar 14 2017  7:47:19.826

 Broadcast delay: 0.003906 (sec)

 Auth delay:      0.000122 (sec)

 System flags:    pll monitor filegen

 System uptime:   19248381 (sec)

 Clock stability: 0.000107 (sec)

 Clock frequency: 0.000000 (sec)

 Peer: ntp.aix.in.com

      flags: (configured)(sys peer)

      stratum:  3, version: 3

      our mode: client, his mode: server

 Peer: ntpuk.aix.in.com

      flags: (configured)(sys peer)

      stratum:  3, version: 3

      our mode: client, his mode: server

Subsystem         Group            PID          Status

xntpd            tcpip            8520514      active

------------------------------------------------------

You can found the above output once you run the above command to check the available NTP server. On my AIX machine if you see the sys peer should show a valid server (ntp.aix.in.com). If the server is not showing any ntp server then we need to correct it by adding a server line into /etc/ntp.conf and will take restart of "xntpd" services.

Note : In this post I will use my dummy NTP name instead of real NTP server because of security reason.

2. As your NTP server is not configured and it is show "insame" then you need to add manual entry on the NTP configuration file.

AIX:/>vi /etc/ntp.conf

server ntp.aix.in.com

server ntpuk.aix.in.com

Once you added these ntp server entry manually on the configuration file then please take a restart of NTP services.

AIX:/>stopsrc -s xntpd

AIX:/>startsrc -s xntpd

Using above command we can stop and start the "xntpd" service on AIX operating system.

3. In this step you need to again verify the status of newly added NTP server.

AIX:/>lssrc -ls xntpd

It is taking some time that time because it synchronize process is running. Once the synchronization has been complete and you run the above command you can found the NTP server entry as describe in Step 1.

Step by Step configuration of NTP Client:

1. On the client machine you need to again verify that you have a server suitable for synchronization or not. For this please run the below command.

AIX:/>ntpdate -d ntp.aix.in.com

-----------------------------------------------------------

14 Mar 08:16:21 ntpdate[64356890]: 3.4y

transmit(192.168.1.22)

receive(192.168.1.22)

transmit(192.168.1.22)

receive(192.168.1.22)

transmit(192.168.1.22)

transmit(192.168.1.22)

transmit(192.168.1.22)

server 192.168.1.22, port 123

stratum 16, precision -6, leap 11, trust 000

refid [63.15.23.11], delay 0.03688, dispersion 24.00334

transmitted 4, in filter 4

reference time:      00000000.00000000  Thu, Feb  7 2036  7:28:16.000

originate timestamp: dc721745.3ff1b000  Tue, Mar 14 2017  8:16:21.249

transmit timestamp:  dc721746.3d08a000  Tue, Mar 14 2017  8:16:22.238

filter delay:  0.03688  0.05624  0.00000  0.00000

               0.00000  0.00000  0.00000  0.00000

filter offset: -0.00081 -0.00750 0.000000 0.000000

               0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

delay 0.03688, dispersion 24.00334

offset -0.000812

14 Mar 08:16:23 ntpdate[64356890]: no server suitable for synchronization found

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

If you get the message ," no server suitable for synchronization found", verify xntpd is running on the server also verify that no firewalls are blocking port 123.

2. If the no server suitable for synchronization then you must specify the xntpd server in /etc/ntp.conf.

AIX:/>vi /etc/ntp.conf

server ntp.aix.in.com

Once you added the NTP server entry on client configuration file then restart the "xntpd" service again.

AIX:/>startsrc -s xntpd

3. If you want to start the xntpd service on boot time then you need to uncomment the below lines on the configuration file.

AIX:/>vi /etc/rc.tcpip

Unconmment the following line

start /usr/sbin/xntpd "$src-running"

4. Now verify the NTP server on client machine has been synchronized or not. Please use the same command which we used for checking the status.

AIX:/>lssrsc -ls xntpd

This time on the NTP client machine sys peer should display the IP Address or name of your "xntpd" server. As you know it is taking some time to synchronization so you must wait for time.

How to mount CIFS file system on Linux Server

Hope you are doing well at your end. In this post, I will explain how we mount the CIFS file system on Linux operating system.

Normally on linux machine if we mount the any other linux machine folder is quite easiy in comparision to mount the window shared folder on linux machine. So let's going to final topic where i will explain step by step method to mount the CFS folder on Linux server.

Step by Step method for Mount CIFS on Linux Server:

1. In the initial step we will gather all rpm's or packages information which is required for CIFS file system.

redhat# rpm -qa | grep cifs 

cifs-utils-4.8.1-20.el6.x86_64

if you see the above output, this packages is required for CIFS file system on Linux system. So you can install this rpm using rpm command if you have rpm packages on the server otherwise you will install the packages using YUM utility.

redhat#rpm -ivh cifs-utils-4.8.1-20.el6.x86_64.rpm

if you are using YUM, then please install the packages using below command.

redhat#yum install cifs-utils*

it is installed all required dependency related to CIFS file system.

2. In this step, we will create the mount point on the server where we need to mount the CIFS file system.

redhat# mkdir -p /backup/cifs

We will create the above mount directory where i will mount the file system.

3. Now, we will create a CIFS user and assign a password so the user can access mount folder.

redhat# touch /etc/cifspasswd

redhat# chmod 600 /etc/cifspasswd

redhat#vi /etc/cifspasswd

user=castwebsvc

password=*******

4. In this step we need to make a permanent entry of mounted file system so once we reboot the machine mounted file system not umount.

redhat# vi /etc/fstab

ADD fstab entry :

//WindowsServer/share /mount/point cifs rw,mand,user=USER,password=PASS 0 0

Example :

//192.168.0.1/CAST_data4/AICCodeUpload  /backup/cifs cifs   rw,mand,credentials=/etc/cifspasswd         0 0

You can take an example for your system. Please change the mount point as per your requirement.

5. In the final step you need to mount the file system using below command.

redhat# mount /backup/cifs

redhat# mount -a

Using above command the CIFS file system has been mounted successfully.

How to configure YUM Server in Red hat linux 6

In this post, We will get know how to install or configure the Yum server on Red Hat Linux 6 operating system.

As you know their are several ways using which we can install the packages or rpm on the server. Please find the below step by step method to install the packages using YUM.

1. In the initial step please install the cd in cdrom and open a terminal for mount the cd in /mnt directory.

#mount –o loop /dev/cdrom /mnt

Here, we mount the CD of ISO in /mnt direcoty. You must enough space on /mnt folder before mounting this ISO.

2. Now in second step we will create a directory where we make a YUM repository.

#mkdir /rhel6

In this directory we will install all the YUM configuration files.

3. Now we will copy all the files from mount folder to newly created folder.

#cp –rvf /mn/* /rhel6

4. In this step, we will install the required packages which is required for create a repo on the server.

#cd /rhel6/Packages 

#rpm –ivh python*

#rpm –ivh createrepo*

These above packages is required for repostiory creation in YUM server.

5. Now move back again repodata directory and create a new repo for repository installation.

#createrepo  –v /rhel6/Packages

This is install all the packages on /rhel6 directory which is used for YUM configuration.

6. In this step we will create a new repo files in this directory.

#cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

#rm –rf *

#vi ss.repo

[Packages]

baseurl=file:///rhel6/Packages 

gpgcheck=0

enable=1

In this step if any exsiting repo if you found please remove it and create a new repo.

7. In the final step we will clean the repo and check the list of all rpm's using below commands.

#yum clean all

#yum list

Hope, using this post, you can easily install and configured the packages on the Red Hat Operating system. Please comment on the post if you encouter any issue.

How to Remove a Non-Global Zone from Solaris Server

In this post, I will explain to you how to remove a Non-Global Zone from Solaris Server.

As you aware that Non-Global zone are hosted on Global zone on Solaris Operating system. You can check the Non-Global zone list using "zoneadm" command. It will show you are running and installed zones on Global zones.

Step by Step Method of removal a Non-Global Zone:

First of all you need to check the Non-Global Zone list to ensure which zone is running on the server.

global# zoneadm list -iv

You will see a display that is similar to the following:

ID  NAME     STATUS       PATH                           BRAND      IP
 0    global       running         /                                   solaris    shared
 1    sun01       running         /zones/sun01                solaris    shared

In the above command output you can see the Non-Global Zone "sun01" is running, which we need to remove or delete from Solaris Server.

Now, we need to shutdown the required zone which we need to delete. We can shutdown the Non-Global zone using below commands.

--------------------------------------------

global#zoneadm -z sun01 halt

or

global#zoneadm -z sun01 shutdown

or

global#zlogin sun01 shutdown

-------------------------------------------

In next step when your Non-Global zone shutdown you need to uninstall the local zone. You can used the below method to uninstall the Non-Global Zone.

global#zoneadm -z sun01 uninstall

Using above command Non-Global zone "sun01" has been uninstall successfully.

In the last step you need to remove or delete all dataset and configuration files of Non-Global zone "sun01" from Global zone.

global#zonecfg -z sun01 delete

Using above command all the configuration files related to this Non-Global zone has been deleted successfully. Now you can remove the folder related to this zone.

So using above method we can remove or delete the Non-Global zone from global zone or Solaris Operating system. Please let me know if you are facing any issue during using this process.

Step by Step NFS Server and Client Configuration in HP-UX

In this post, I will explain step by step method of NFS server and client configuration on HP-UX operating system. Network File System is a distriubted file system which allows a client computer to access a file system that shared on another computer’s or server's.

NFS server is configured on the server locally on attached physically disk. On my HP-UX server i will configured the NFS server and for client you can use same HP-UX operating machine or other linux machine.

We can used the below NFS server IP and client IP on my own HP-UX machine and Linux machine.

NFS Server : 10.135.0.27 and share folder /backup

NFS Client : 10.135.0.2 and mount point /home/backup

Steps involved to configure the NFS Server:

1. First we will make sure both NFS server(10.135.0.27) and client(10.135.0.2) are accessible. After that we will make an entry in /etc/hosts or Configure it in DNS to resolve the IP if you use server name instead of IP address. But in our case we will use IP address instead of name.

hpx:/>vi /etc/hosts

10.135.0.27 hpxnfsserver

10.135.0.2 hpxnfsclient

The /etc/hosts entry would we same on both server and client machine so it can be accessible to each other.

2. In second step we will identify the folder to be export from server to the client. On my HP-UX server machine, I am going to export the folder /backup.

3. Now we will change the shared folder permission, normally we don't provide the read/write access to shared folder but in my case for testing purpose i will provide the (777) permission so that NFS client user can read/write the data on shared folder.

hpx:/>#chmod 777 /backup

4. In this step we change the NFS_SERVER=1 to enable your server to act as a NFS Server in the configuration file /etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf

hpx:/>vi /etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf

Change the NFS_SERVER parameter as follow.

NFS_SERVER=1

PCNFS_SERVER=0

START_NFSLOGD=0

START_MOUNTD=1

MOUNTD_OPTIONS=""

Save and exit the file.

5. In final step we will add an entry of our shared folder in the export file /etc/dfs/dfstab with proper permission.

#vi /etc/dfs/dfstab

/usr/sbin/share -F nfs -o rw -d “Test directory” /backup

Save and exit the file.

If you see the above line "/backup is shared folder and we will provide the "rw" read/write access to this folder.

6. Now please restart the nfs service on NFS server and make it permanent so after reboot of HP-UX server the shared folder is not umount.

hpx:/>/sbin/init.d/nfs.server stop

hpx:/>/sbin/init.d/nfs.server start

7. Using below command we can check the NFS folder is shared or not and also we can ensure which client can access this machine.

hpx:/>/usr/sbin/exportfs -av

shareall -F nfs

Steps involved to access the NFS shared folder to the NFS clients:

1. Now for NFS client configuration i will login on my Linux machine.In my case i will use my Centos machine as a client, You can select your NFS client machine as per your requirement.

2. On client machine, please select the mount point to where we have to mount the NFS shared folder /backup which we exported from NFS Server 10.135.0.27. On my Linux machine, I will mount it on /home/backup.

3. In this step we will verify the list of shares available on client machine. Please use the below "showmount" command to check which NFS shared folder is accessible.

hpx:/>showmount -e 10.135.0.27

export list for 10.135.0.27

/backup

If we get the output, server side export configuration doesnt have any problem between nfs server and client.

3. In next step we will mount the nfs share locally on our desintation mount point folder.

hpx:/>mount 10.135.0.27:/backup /home/backup

4. In final step, you can check the NFS mount folder using "bdf" command. It is show you the mount folder where all existing data is store. For testing purpose you can create any file on /home/backup.

Hope, you will like my this post, it is cover all the installation and configuration part step by step. Please let me know if you encouter any issue during NFS configuration on HP-UX machine.